Under what conditions, if any, can energy healing for a person experiencing problems in the present, bring about a retrocausal healing of a problem they had in the past, years before?

Technically speaking, that will not happen because the energy workers are not asking for that to take place. The closest representation involving timelines would be to work with intention to reach past lifetimes and make changes to resolve karmic obligations that create a potential to repeat past dilemmas in the present life, but that is an intentional targeting of prior timepoints and not an intervention done more indirectly by the divine realm taking healing done in the present and delivering it across time on the client's behalf in a more elegant, powerful, and precise way without the conscious awareness of the client or the practitioner in what might happen, and when and where it plays out.